Estate Settlement in Maryland: A Complete Guide for Executors

Maryland Probate at a Glance

Step 1: Determine If You Need Probate

Not every Maryland estate requires formal probate. Small estate procedures. Higher threshold ($100K) if surviving spouse is sole beneficiary.

Assets that typically don't count toward the probate threshold include jointly held property, assets in a living trust, life insurance proceeds, retirement accounts with named beneficiaries, and payable-on-death accounts.

Not sure if you need probate? Read our guide →

Step 2: File with the Probate Court

If probate is required, file a petition with the probate court in the county where the deceased lived. Filing deadline: No strict deadline. You'll typically need:

• The original will (if one exists)
• Certified death certificate
• Petition for probate (forms vary by county)
• Filing fee (varies by county)

Step 3: Get Appointed as Executor

At the hearing, the court will officially appoint you as the personal representative (executor) and issue Letters Testamentary. These letters are your legal authority to act on behalf of the estate. Order multiple certified copies — banks, title companies, and government agencies will each need one.

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Step 4: Notify Creditors and Beneficiaries

Maryland requires you to notify all known creditors directly and publish a general notice to creditors. The creditor claim period in Maryland is 6 months from appointment. You must also notify all beneficiaries named in the will.

Step 5: Inventory and Appraise Assets

Compile a complete inventory of all estate assets — real estate, bank accounts, investment accounts, retirement accounts, vehicles, personal property, and digital assets. Get professional appraisals for real estate, jewelry, collectibles, and any assets of uncertain value.

Every document you need after a parent dies →

Step 6: Manage Estate Finances

Open an estate bank account and consolidate all estate funds. Pay valid creditor claims, ongoing expenses (mortgage, utilities, insurance), and file final income tax returns. Keep meticulous records of every transaction.

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Step 7: Handle Real Property

If the estate includes real property in Maryland, you'll need to decide whether to sell, transfer to a beneficiary, or rent. Maryland is a common law (separate property) state, so property ownership is determined by title.

Homestead protection in Maryland: Limited homestead protections.

How to handle a parent's house after death →

Tax Considerations in Maryland

Maryland has BOTH estate tax ($5M threshold, 0.8-16%) AND inheritance tax (10% on non-close relatives). One of only two states with both. In addition to any state taxes, federal estate tax applies to estates exceeding the federal exemption ($13.61 million in 2024). Final federal and state income tax returns must also be filed.

Step 8: Distribute Assets and Close the Estate

Once all debts are paid and taxes filed, distribute remaining assets according to the will (or intestate succession if there is no will). File a final accounting with the court and petition to close the estate.

Maryland Executor Compensation

Statutory: 9% on first $20K, 3.6% on excess.

Key Deadlines for Maryland Executors

Frequently Asked Questions

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